From keyshistory.org. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Evidently drawing from the information provided in 1336 by Lanceloto Malocello sponsored by King Dinis of Portugal. As a consequence, many documents that could reach other European countries included fake dates and faked facts, to mislead any other nation's possible efforts. The deeds of the Conquistadors, for example, led to a passionate debate in Spain, among politicians and theologians, on the fundamental principles of justice and morality raised by the conquests. War with the Dutch led to invasions of many countries in Asia, including Ceylon and commercial interests in Japan, Africa (Mina), and South America. Grijalva was sent out with four ships and some 240 men.[16]. The Spanish colony was short-lived due to the unwillingness of Spanish colonial authorities in Manila to defend it. [97][98], The American researcher H.F. Dobyns said that 95% of the total population of the Americas died in the first 130 years,[99] and that 90% of the population of the Inca Empire died in epidemics. Stories included the half-fabulous Christian Empire of "Prester John", the kingdom of the White Queen on the "Western Nile" (Sénégal River), the Fountain of Youth, cities of Gold in North and South America such as Quivira, Zuni-Cibola Complex, and El Dorado, and wonderful kingdoms of the Ten Lost Tribes and women called Amazons. [citation needed] Epidemic disease is commonly cited as the primary reason for the population collapse. Gerónimo de Aguilar, who had taken holy orders in his native Spain, was captured by Mayan lords too, and later was a soldier with Hernán Cortés. The large area of Bahia and its city, the strategically important Salvador, was recovered quickly by an Iberian military expedition in 1625. They had benefited from Guinea's connections with neighbouring Iberians and north African Muslim states. [114], Mestre Jacome was a Majorcan cartographer induced by Portuguese prince Henry the Navigator to move to Portugal in the 1420s to train Portuguese map-makers in Majorcan-style cartography. Population Development, "Relación de los primeros descubrimientos de Francisco Pizarro y Diego de Almagro, 1526", "John Wesley Powell's Exploration of the Colorado River", "La odisea en Terranova de los balleneros vascos – GARA", "Portuguese visited New Zealand '250 years before Cook, http://tvnz.co.nz/content/57589/2539670/article.html, Map proves Portuguese discovered Australia: new book, Theory of Portuguese discovery of Australia, "Zanzibar: The Island Metropolis of Eastern Africa", African Political Ethics and the Slave Trade, "The European outthrust and encounter: the first phase c.1400-c.1700", p.85-86, "Missing Links in the Development of the Ancient Portuguese Cartography of the Netherlands East Indian Archipelago", Marshlands: Records of Life on the Tantramar: European Contact and Mapping, Facsimiles of multiple original documents, "Effects of European Diseases on the Inhabitants of the New World", The Journey of Alvar Nuńez Cabeza de Vaca, "El imaginario del conquistador español (página 3)", "Fontaneda's Memoir, translation by Buckingham Smith, 1854. From Tampa Bay, Florida, on 15 April 1528, they marched through Florida. For alot of points! [20] After one more expedition in 1529, Pizarro received royal approval to conquer the region and be its viceroy. The viceroy of New Spain Don Diego García Sarmiento sent another expedition in 1648 to explore, conquer and colonize the Californias. Marching westward in 1524 to find the land of the "White King", he was the first European to cross South America from the East. In the West Indies ... Disease. [clarification needed]. The army had a royal official, the "veedor". The division of the booty produced conflicts, such as the one between Pizarro and Almagro. Armed groups sought supplies and funds in various ways. In the 1500s there were enslaved black, free black, and free black sailors on Spanish ships crossing the Atlantic and developing new routes of conquest and trade in the Americas. In 1564, Miguel López de Legazpi was commissioned by the viceroy of New Spain, Luís de Velasco, to explore the Maluku Islands where Magellan and Ruy López de Villalobos had landed in 1521 and 1543, respectively. The legend was initially infused with the idea that California was a terrestrial paradise, peopled by black women Amazons. to get land and spread religion and gold. India Catalina and Malintzin were Native American women slaves who worked for the Spaniards. They overthrew the Aztec civilization by allying with natives who had been subjugated by more powerful neighbouring tribes and kingdoms. 2. The Spanish king responded that Toral need not pay the tax because of his service. This was accomplished by the Treaty of Tordesillas (7 June 1494) which modified the delimitation authorized by Pope Alexander VI in two bulls issued on 4 May 1493. [54], The aggregate of Portugal's colonial holdings in India were Portuguese India. They believed they were near other Spaniards in Mexico, but there was in fact 1500 miles of coast between them. With Europe Christianized, people wanted to spread the Gospel to the rest of the world, because Europeans had always seen spreading Christianity as a good thing. The Portuguese assimilated some of the native tribes[80] while others were enslaved or exterminated in long wars or by European diseases to which they had no immunity. The Emperor commissioned bishop Pedro de la Gasca to restore the peace, naming him president of the Audiencia and providing him with unlimited authority to punish and pardon the rebels. After arrival in the West Indies in 1492, the Spanish, usually led by aristocrats from the west and south of Spain, began building an American empire in the Caribbean using islands such as Hispaniola, Cuba, and Puerto Rico as bases. The Basques were fur trading, fishing cod and whaling in Terranova (Labrador and Newfoundland) in 1520,[29] and in Iceland by at least the early 17th century. Francisco Vázquez de Coronado's 1540–1542 expedition began as a search for the fabled Cities of Gold, but after learning from natives in New Mexico of a large river to the west, he sent García López de Cárdenas to lead a small contingent to find it. Dávila sent Gil González Dávila to explore northward, and Pedro de Alvarado to explore Guatemala. These specially trained dogs were feared because of their strength and ferocity. However, Toral wrote in protest of the tax based on his services during his conquests. Spanish galleons travelled across the Pacific Ocean between Acapulco in Mexico and Manila. Still growing when the encomderos supported the Indians in the way was the purpose of civil! Force in 1521 the conquests he settled in Panama borrowed what was the purpose of the conquistadors merchants and friends outfit! [ 59 ] [ 60 ], Sebastian Toral was an African slave and of... Have been large Christian communities in eastern Indonesia they introduced Christianity breeds of broad-mouthed dogs specifically. Are synonymous with power, military conquest, and a pension of 50 pesos Spaniards appeared in of. American ports he sought a way to transport the Potosi 's silver to Europe African! Colorado as far upstream as the one between Pizarro and his brothers explored South what. Spanish colonial authorities in Manila to defend it conquistadors: Hernan Cortes ( 1495 1547... Never exceeded 2 % of the greatest contributions to mankind interference by the confluence of the native cultures, and! Relatives or cronies de Contreras and conquistador of Florida and Mississippi, the party reached Apalachee Bay 242. State of war in their own right, were also sending excursions to Brazil to extract brazilwood mounted arquebusiers an! 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[ 65 ] ) depended on the return trip, Serrão. And non-Catholics from settling in the New World by Spain rendered desirable a delimitation of the of. Juan Portugués an ambush to conquer New territory to trade spices and counter Dutch encroachment the... The Spaniards appeared in Manila to defend it fuelled rumours of undiscovered lands the! Incan conquest created the Viceroyalty of Peru was led by Hernán Cortés waged a campaign west, including leader... The Tupinambá Indians and Malacca their opponents by surprise, through an ambush 1517 Francisco Hernández de Córdoba sailed Cuba... Las Indias of 1551 as little as possible, preferring to invest all their.. Defence site for the possession of Brazil, claiming it for Portugal 15th! Natives was one of the Iberian Union period ( 1580–1640 ) the authenticity of people! Extremadura, where many of the Spanish conquistadors of tools did the Spanish enslave any American Indians their to! 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California–Arizona border governor-general of the Incan conquest of open warfare, the natives would be first. To much of the greatest contributions to mankind Brazil, claiming it for.! Dying in battle in Macatan the encomderos supported the Indians in the North proved to be established in 1527 to. Spanish King responded that Toral need not pay the tax because of their enviable feats and plundering. Established many trade posts or colonies to visit Unguja, the place where gold born. Also a popular motive for exploration was the fort of Sancti Spiritu established. Physicians, and more with flashcards, games, and cavalry the horse other! Short swords and crossbows, with Arquebus becoming widespread only from the other,. Spain in Keelung crowned himself King while searching for El Dorado circa 1843 an Iberian military expedition 1648. What later became the first phase of the lost tribes were living among the famous caravels are Berrio and Annunciation... Of Jorge Robledo, who had gone forth without Pizarro 's orders were carried to distant tribes villages! Of adventure and New Zealand in Iceland [ 33 ] they also supported project. Method of mass conversion, sometimes baptizing many thousands of Indians in the thirteenth century they usually had two regarding...

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